Cypro-Minoan
✎ EditCypro-Minoan ≈ 1550–1050 BC undeCyphered (UTF since 2021)
≠ Anatolian Hieroglyphs ≠
≠ Linear CH Cretan Hieroglyphs 2100–1600 BC ≠
≠ Phaistos Crete, Greece, possibly from the middle or late Minoan Bronze Age (second millennium BC)
≠ Linear CY Cypro-Minoan 1550 – 1050 BC (THIS!)
≠ Cypriot syllabary 11th to the 4th centuries BCE
CYPRO-MINOAN official
U+12F9x 𒾐 𒾑 𒾒 𒾓 𒾔 𒾕 𒾖 𒾗 𒾘 𒾙 𒾚 𒾛 𒾜 𒾝 𒾞 𒾟
U+12FAx 𒾠 𒾡 𒾢 𒾣 𒾤 𒾥 𒾦 𒾧 𒾨 𒾩 𒾪 𒾫 𒾬 𒾭 𒾮 𒾯
U+12FBx 𒾰 𒾱 𒾲 𒾳 𒾴 𒾵 𒾶 𒾷 𒾸 𒾹 𒾺 𒾻 𒾼 𒾽 𒾾 𒾿
U+12FCx 𒿀 𒿁 𒿂 𒿃 𒿄 𒿅 𒿆 𒿇 𒿈 𒿉 𒿊 𒿋 𒿌 𒿍 𒿎 𒿏
U+12FDx 𒿐 𒿑 𒿒 𒿓 𒿔 𒿕 𒿖 𒿗 𒿘 𒿙 𒿚 𒿛 𒿜 𒿝 𒿞 𒿟
U+12FEx 𒿠 𒿡 𒿢 𒿣 𒿤 𒿥 𒿦 𒿧 𒿨 𒿩 𒿪 𒿫 𒿬 𒿭 𒿮 𒿯
U+12FFx 𒿰 𒿱 𒿲
U+F1000 - U+F1270 private block extended, Font CyproMinoan.ttf
Unlike many other neighboring states, the Late Bronze Age collapse had only a slight impact on
Bronze Age Cyprus; in fact, the island culture flourished in the period immediately following the dramatic
events of the collapse, and there was a visible increase in the use of the script in such centers
as Enkomi. On the other hand, as a direct result of this collapse, the script ceased to exist in
Ugarit, along with Ugarit itself.
Suggested Syllabary KF-2023 based on similar forms:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary#/media/File:Cyprominoansyllabaryconsensus.png
Entries with • are very tenuous additions by the author (pannous)
Entries with • are suggestion by the author (pannous)
Entries may omit the • if they seem well supported, like 𒿬 ≈ 𐠔 ma, 𒿮 ≈ 𐠕 me, 𒾯 ≈ 𐠘 mu
Cypro-Minoan ≈ 1550–1050 BC
A- 𒿦 A 𒾮 E 𒿩𒾼I 𒿃 O 𒾛? U (vs 𒾠/𒿐 koᵘ)
d- 𒾒 da 𒾕 de 𒾦 di 𒾖 do 𒾳 δu ≈ 𐠱 tu ≈ su
k- 𒾣 ka 𒿧?ke 𒿈ᵒki 𒿐 ko 𒿧 ku
m- 𒾻𒿫 ma 𒿮 me 𒿝 mi 𒿎!mo 𒾯 mu
n- 𒿡 na 𒾫 ne 𒾑 ni 𒿯•no 𒿆 nu 𒾞•ny 𒿣𒿤𒿥•ainᵗ 𒾟
p- 𒾔 pa 𒿲 pe 𒾩?pi 𒾙 po 𒾱 pu 𒾪
l- 𐠏 la 𒾢 le 𒾗 li 𒾓 lo 𒿜 lu 𒾨 •ly
r- 𒿛 ra 𒾢•re 𒾧•ri 𒾓 ro 𒾾•ru
s- 𒿔 sa 𒾲 se 𒾥 si 𒿅•so 𒿑•su ≈ 𒾳 δu
t- 𒾒 ta 𒾕 te 𒾦 ti 𒾖 to 𒾳 tu ≈ 𐠱 tu 𒿁 te
wᵐ 𒿭 wa 𒾐 we 𒿩 wi 𒾦?wo _ wu
y- 𒿇 ja 𒾯?je 𒾝•ej 𒾴 jo 𒾴 ju
x• 𒿬 za 𒾰 qa 𒾘 zwa 𒿭 𒿯 ksa / kse / xa / ja / je / ñga
Cypriotic 900 BC - 300 BC
A- 𐠀 Aᵏ 𐠁 E 𐠂 I 𐠃 O 𐠄 Uʷ
d- 𐠭 da 𐠮 de 𐠯 di 𐠰 do 𐠱 du
j- 𐠅 ja 𐠈 ju
k- 𐠊 ka 𐠋 ke 𐠌 ki 𐠍 ko 𐠎 ku ( g / kh )
m- 𐠔 ma 𐠕 me 𐠖 mi 𐠗 mo 𐠘 mu
n- 𐠙 na 𐠚 ne 𐠛 ni 𐠜 no 𐠝 nu
p- 𐠞 pa 𐠟 pe 𐠠 pi 𐠡 po 𐠢 pu
ks- 𐠷 qa 𐠸 qe
r- 𐠣 ra 𐠤 re 𐠥 ri 𐠦 ro 𐠧 ru
l- 𐠏 la 𐠐 le 𐠑 li 𐠒 lo 𐠓 lu
s- 𐠨 sa 𐠩 se 𐠪 si 𐠫 so 𐠬 su
t- 𐠭 ta 𐠮 te 𐠯 ti 𐠰 to 𐠱 tu ( d / th )
w- 𐠲 ᵐwa 𐠳 we 𐠴 ᵐwi 𐠵 wo
z- 𐠼 za 𐠿 zo
Note 𐠍 ko is now read as ᵏwe !?
Orthographic variation: small lines are interchangable with dots ̇ ̈ ̤ in all signs:
𒿦 = 𐀀̇ , 𒿩 = Ẋ , 𒾸 = V̤ , 𒾹 = W̤ 𒾨 𒾢 𒾮 𒾬 𒾭 𒾬 𒾭 𒾫 𒾪 𒿀 𒿁 𒿂 𒿃 𒿄 𒿅 𒿈 𒿉 𒿜 𒿭 𒿮 𒿧 𒿨 𒾯 𒿱
𒾼 = Ⲓ̈ , 𒿃 = V̈ ?
| Continuum between lines, split lines and “fat tear tail” | ꝇ ¦ ➺ ➻ simplification or ornamentation? |
Continuum between open and closed wedges 𒿃 = 𐠃 lines often disconnected as in 𒾛 ≈ ハ ㇵ
Since (later) Cypriotic is a pure Syllabary without any logographs, we can make assumptions about unmatched signs either belonging to a xenotic series ( x / z ) or being Orthographic variants:
Uninserted signs
𒾷 ≈ 𒾶 ≈ 𒿭
𒾸 ≈ 𒾷
𒾸 ≈ 𒾵 ≈ 𒾻 ≠ 𒾩
𒾸 ≈ 𒾹 ≈ 𒾺
𒿛 ≈ 𒿜 OK
𒾚 ≈ 𐠄 U 𐌅 VE 𐍞 VOOI 𐑝 VOW ᚡ V Ո VO 𑫆 VA ו VAV
𒾚 ≈ 𒾛 U / z• ?
𒾜 ≈ 𒾛 used in “to te-oᶥ” “to the gods”
𒾬 ⇔ 𒾭 ⇔ 𒾫 ne
Notes
𒿃 O lines often disconnected as in 𒾵 ≈ 𒾻
𒿀 = 𒿁 because 𒿃 = 𐠃
𐠮 te ≈ 𒿁 •te because 𒿃 = 𐠃
𐠫 so ≈ 𒿅 •so because 𒿃 = 𐠃 ≈ 𒿘 •so matches hand radicals 𐀰 so 𐙰 so •shop
𐠮 te ≠ 𒾕 te ≠ de in Cypriotic !
𒾛 U lines often disconnected as in ハ ㇵ
𐀀 with extra line is meant to be part of Cypriotic font but closest rendering is
𐀀 𒿦 A ⇔ 𒿤 𒿥 𐁀 A2 AIN / NA
𐠏 la is meant to have a clear counterpart but is missing in Unicode!
𐠏 la ≠ 𒿝 MI ! 𒾘 𒿞 𒾺 𒾤 𒿂 𒿙 𒿚 𒾛 𒾜 <> 𒾗 𒿜
OPEN QUESTIONS
𐠱 du ⇔ 𒾸 𒾹 𒾺 𒾻 𒾵
𐀉 du 𒿧 𒿮 𒿨
𒾩 𐠠 pi ??
𐠢 pu ?
𐠛 ni 𐠜 no 𐠝 nu
𐠗 mo 𒿎 mo! 𒾝 𒿏 ?
𒿢 ro 𐠣 ra 𓇶 according to Faucounau
𒾩 𐠤 re ≠ 𒾸 𒾵
r- 𐠣 ra 𐠤 re 𐠥 ri 𐠦 ro 𐠧 ru 𒌫 ÚR 𓈘
𒾢 le ! ⇔ 𐠐 le !?
𐠓 lu in 𒿜 lu ≈ 𒿛 la most 𒾠 forms are taken leaving only 𒾦 𒾧 𒾨
_ re ≈ 𒿛 ra
𐠬 su 𒿑? su
𐠱 tu ≈ su 𒾳 𒾞 bad resemblence in Unicode
𐠵 wo ≈ 𒾡 𒾢 𒾦 𒾨 ? most already taken!
𐠋 ke 𐘥 KE 𐀐 ke irregular <=> 𒿧 𒿨 𒿭 𒿯 xe kse vs 𒿮 me 𒀯 mul
𒿧 ≈ 𐠎 kuᵐ ⇔ 𐘥 KE ⇔ 𐙂 KU
𒿆 ≈ 𐀝 nu
_ no 𒿣 𒿤 𒿥
_ no 𐀜 no ≈ 𐘩•NY ≈ 𔐽 ni₃ 𐠛 ni 𐘝 NI 𐘯 NU 𐙊•NÆ
_ no 𒿯 because crossed hands
_ no 𒾞 because 𐠝 nu
_ no 𒾪 𐠜 no
N |𔐤 na|𔑝 ná| 𔗐 ni|𔓵 ni₂|𔐽 ni₃|𔒴 nu 𔖿 nu₂ 9 𔕶 ná NEG₂ 𔕵 NEG₃
_ re cant be 𒿦 because 𒿦 = A
𒾯?je 𒿧?ke supporting hypotheses čje ?
Often more similar to Linear-A than Linear-b !
𒾐 ≈ 𐠳 we
𒾑 ≈ 𐘇 ᴴA ?
𒿡 ≈ 𐘇 ᴴA ?
𒿡 ≈ 𐘇 •AINA :
𒿡 ≈ 𐠙 na n according to Faucounau
𒾑 ≈ 𒾫 ≈ 𐠚 ne according to Faucounau
𒾑 ≈ AIN •ni
𒿢 ≈ 𐘇 A ?
𒾝 hu 𒄭 ḪI HE ʰA ᵛA ᵐA
𒾝 𐠅 ʲA ja
𒾔 ≈ 𐀞 pa 𐘂 PA
𒾒 ≈ 𐀅 da 𐘀 DA
𒾓 ≈ 𐀫 ro 𐝁 𐘁 RO 𐠒 lo Րo ło ƚo
𒾕 ≈ 𐘃 TE 𐀳 te
𒾖 ≈ 𐀵 to 𐘄 TO
𒾖 ≈ 𐠰 do ☑
𒾚 ≈ 𐠯 ti di thi tsi
𒾚 ≈ 𐀿 zo
𒾘 ⇔ 𐘹 TU 2 ?
One confirmed match yields others:
𒿃 = 𐠃 ᶴo =>
𒿅 ≈ 𐠫 so
𒿅 ≈ 𒿘 •so variant?
𒾿 ≈ 𐠠 pi •ᵠoi
𒿁 ≈ 𐠮 te ≠ de in Cypriotic !
𒿀 𒿂 𒿄 𒿝 𒿞 𒿟
𒿢 še se
𒿢 ro 𓇶 according to Faucounau
𒿛 𐘴 RA / LA
𒿜 𐀨 ra / la
𒾗 𐠑 li •Elle L 𒇲 𒇳 LAL
𒾙 𒿲 ≈ 𐠟 pe ⇔ 𐠡 po 𐤐 P bi
𒾙 𒿲 ≈ 𐠿 zo zwo
𒿱 ≈ 𐀈 do
naᵘ series • nau • ligatures
•nau! 100% na 𒈾 na 𓈖 na ( fish in water ) ≈ simplified pretty sure
𓌹 O eau
𒾫 ≈ 𐠚 ne
𒾪 ≈ 𐠚 ne
𒿱 ≈ 𐠚 ne
𒾞 ≈ 𐠝 nu
𒾞 ≠ 𒾳 ?
𒾫 ≈ 𐠚 ne
𒾮 #E according to Faucounau etc
𒾬
𒾭
𒾑
𒾻
𒾸
𒾵
𒾺
𒾹
𒾟 •nz
𒾛 ⇔ 𐠄 Uʷ ewe
𒾜 ⇔ 𐠌 ki 𐀥 qi 𐘒 •cow/capre/cattle
𒾜 ⇔ 𐠏 la 𒇻 lu
𒾰 ⇔ 4 :
𒾰 ⇔ 𐠘 mu 𔗘 mi 𔖻 mi
𒾰 ⇔ 𒿭 ≈ 𐠷 ≈ x “ksa” ?
𒾰 ⇔ 𐀤 qe ?
𒾰 ⇔ 𐘌 QA
𒾰 ⇔ quart 4
𒿢 ro 𓇶 according to Faucounau
𒿏 •qw4
𒿠 ki 𐀒 ko 𐘺 •KO
𒿗 ≈ 𐘦 DE 𐘆 DI dash таш
𒿗 ≈ 𐀉 du ≠ 𐀇 di 𒾦 di
𒾴 ≈ 𐀎 ju
𒿪 ⇔ 𐀁 ʰe
𒾱 ≈ 𐀢 pu 𐘫 PU
𒾱 ≈ 𐘢 PI 𐠢 pu
𒾣 ≠ 𐘢 PI
𒾣 ≈ 𐘾 KA 𐀏 ka according to Faucounau etc
𒾥 ≈ 𐠊 ka Keil 𐘢 PI pistoda “dagger”
𒾤 ≈ 𐃉 pugnale 𓃀 𓎼 𓇓 𓅱 𓌑 √pūgnus bodež бодеж “dagger”
𒾤 ≈ 𐃉 dagger 𐂎 𐙢 𐃉 𐃋 𔘙 𐘹 δir 𔕠 zíʳ 𐃉 LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B233 SWORD
𒾡 ≈ 𐀴 ti
𒾠 ≈ 𐘠 TI
𒾥 ≈ 𐙛•SI 𐀯 si #si according to Faucounau ☑
𒾢 𒾣 𒾤 𒾥 𒾧 𒾨 𒾩 d… dagger delta deLata
𒾦 𐠯 di
𒾮 #E eau 𒀀𒇉 ID et (ut re mi fa)
𒿓
𒿒
𒿑 ⇔ 𐂀 LI 𐀪 ri ? ⇔ 𐠬 su®
𒾧 ⇔ 𐂀 LI 𐀪 ri ? ⇔ 𐠬 su®
𒾧 ⇔ 𐠓 lu
𒿌 ⇔ li
𒿌 ⇔ 𐙛 •SI 𐀯 si
𒿌 ⇔ 𐘣 WI
𒿌 ≠ 𐘱 JA
vocalic ablaut series?
𐠰 to ≈ 𐠱 tu
𒿃 o ≈ 𒿅 •so
𒿀 𒿁 𒿂
𒿄
𒿝 𒿞
𒾙 𒿲 ≈ 𐠟 pe in 𒾫
𒾣 ≈ 𐘢 PI
𒾣 ≈ 𒾠·𐠒 lo al… ?
𒾠·𒾐 ≈ 𐠳 we
𒾠 eau in 𒾮 nau
𒿌 ≈ 𐀁 ʰe
𒾧
𒾶
𒾷
𒾻
𒾸
𒾵
𒾺
𒾹
𒾼 ≈ 𐀂 i
𒾽 Aᵈ adze? «< t?
𒿦 Aʳ axe ≠ 𐀩 re 𐘙 RE 𐘘 RU 𐀂 ჼi 𐙴 •QO
𒾲 𐠩 se 𐘈 SE 𐀮 se
𒿣 𒿤 𒿥 ⇔ 𐀙 na 𐀚 ne 𐀛 ni 𐘝 NI 𐙊•NÆ ⇔ 𐘩•NY
𒾳
𒿔 ≈ 𐘞 SA ⇔ 𒿕 𒿖 𒿙 𒿚 is / as / 1 ?
𒿔 ≈ 𐠨 sa already in early variants
𒾾 ⇔ 𒊒 RU
𒾾 ⇔ 𐠧 ru
𒾾 ⇔ 𐘽 •WR 𐀸 we
𒿇 eye 𐀊 ja
𒿈 Aug 𒿈 #ki
𒿇 𒿈 𒿉
𒿇 日 rì ⇔ 𒿢 ro
𒿇 𐠐 le
𒿊 ≈ 𐘱 JA 𐀊 ja
𒿋 ⇔ 𐘣 ᑫWI
𒿰 ⇔ 𐘣 WI
𒿰 ⇔ 𒿌 ⇔ li
𒿎 #mo according to Faucounau
𒿎 ⇔ 𐘾 medina 𐠗 mo
𒿎 ⇔ 𐘾 KA ?
𒿎 ⇔ 𐘣 WI ?
𒿍 ⇔ 𐘸 KI
𒿍 ⇔ 𐠅 ja
𒿐 ≈ 𐠍 kho ko go
𒿐 ≈ 𐠍 ≈ 𒾠 ko < 𒾣 ka < 𐀏 ka < 𐘾 KA according to Faucounau
𒿐 ≈ 𐀺 ᑫwo
𒾿 ⇔ 𐠠 𐠃 𐠫
𒿝 𒿞 𒿟 𐠜
𒿝 ⇔ 𐠨 SA 𐠠
𒿘 ≠ 𐠱
𒿘 ≠ 𐠛
𒿘 ≠ 𐘼 ZE
𒿯 ⇔ 𐘧 JE
𒿝 ≈ 𐠖 mi ☑
𒾻 ≈ 𐠔 ma according to Faucounau
𒿫 ≈ 𐠔 ma
𒿬 ≈ 𐠔 ma
𒿮 ≈ 𐠕 me
𒾯 ≈ 𐠘 mu vs 𐀋 je
𒿩 ≈ 𐠴 ᵐwi ≈ 𐠂 ᵐI #I according to Faucounau
𒿭 ≈ 𐠲 ᵐwa
𒿨 ⇔ ᵐNA 𐠀 Aⁿ 𐠁 Eⁿ 𐠂 Iⁿ
𒿬 ≈ 𐠼 za
𒿭 ≈ 𐠼 za
𒿭 ≈ 𐠷 ≈ x “ksa”
𒿭 ≈ 𐠧 ru
𒾯 ≈ 𐀋 je vs 𐠘 mu
𒿯 ⇔ 𐘧 JE
𒿧 ≈ 𐠎 kuᵐ ⇔ 𐘥 KE ⇔ 𐙂 KU
Linear-A :
A- 𐘇 ᴴA 𐘡 ᴴE 𐘚 ᴴI 𐘵 ᴴO 𐘉 ᴴU 𐙆
D- 𐘀 DA 𐘦 DE 𐘆 DI 𐙽•DO 𐚩•DU
J- 𐘱 JA 𐘧 JE / JI 𐙎•JO 𐙏•JU
K- 𐘾 KA 𐘥 KE 𐘸 KI 𐘺•KO 𐙂 KU
M- 𐙁 MA 𐘋 ME 𐘒 MI 𐘩•MO? 𐘕 MU
N- 𐘅 NA 𐘗 NE! 𐘝 NI 𐘩•NY 𐘯 NU 𐙊•NÆ
P- 𐘂 PA 𐙠•PE 𐘢 PI 𐘊 PO 𐘫 PU
Q- 𐘌 QA 𐘿 QE 𐘏 QI 𐙴•QO / QU
R- 𐘴 RA 𐘙 RE 𐙕 •RI 𐝁𐘁RO 𐘘 RU 𐚵
S- 𐘞 SA 𐘈 SE 𐙛•SI 𐙰•SO 𐘲 SU
T- 𐘳 TA 𐘃 TE 𐘠 TI 𐘄 TO 𐘹 TU
W- 𐘮 WA 𐘽•WR 𐘣 WI 𐙚•WO 𐚊•WU vir
Z- 𐘍 ZA 𐘼 ZE / ZI 𐘎 ZO / ZU
𐄇 𐄈 𐄌 𐝆 1/2 𐝕 1/4 numbers
Linear-B :
a- 𐀀 ʰa 𐀁 ʰe 𐀂 ʰi 𐀃 ʰo 𐀄 ʰu
d- 𐀅 da 𐀆 de 𐀇 di 𐀈 do 𐀉 du
j- 𐀊 ja 𐀋 je 𐀍 jo 𐀎 ju
k- 𐀏 ka 𐀐 ke 𐀑 ki 𐀒 ko 𐀓 ku
m- 𐀔 ma 𐀕 me 𐀖 mi 𐀗 mo 𐀘 mu
n- 𐀙 na 𐀚 ne 𐀛 ni 𐀜 no 𐀝 nu
p- 𐀞 pa 𐀟 pe 𐀠 pi 𐀡 po 𐀢 pu
q- 𐀣 qa 𐀤 qe 𐀥 qi 𐀦 qo
r- 𐀨 ra 𐀩 re 𐀪 ri 𐀫 ro 𐀬 ru
s- 𐀭 sa 𐀮 se 𐀯 si 𐀰 so 𐀱 su
t- 𐀲 ta 𐀳 te 𐀴 ti 𐀵 to 𐀶 tu
w- 𐀷 wa 𐀸 we 𐀹 wi 𐀺 wo
z- 𐀼 za 𐀽 ze 𐀿 zo
Slightly adjusted:
𐀀 Haᵐ 𐀁 ᶴHeᶴ 𐀂 Hyᵍ 𐀃 Hoⁿ 𐀄 Ḫuᵐ
Anatolian Hieroglyphs ≠
Linear CH Cretan Hieroglyphs ≠
Linear CY Cypriotic Syllabary
Cypriotic 9th BC - 300 BC < Cypro-Minoan 1500 BC ⇔ Linear-A !
A- 𐠀 A 𐠁 E 𐠂 I 𐠃 O 𐠄 Uʷ
d- 𐠭 da 𐠮 de 𐠯 di 𐠰 do 𐠱 du
j- 𐠅 ja 𐠈 ju
k- 𐠊 ka 𐠋 ke 𐠌 ki 𐠍 ko 𐠎 ku
m- 𐠔 ma 𐠕 me 𐠖 mi 𐠗 mo 𐠘 mu
n- 𐠙 na 𐠚 ne 𐠛 ni 𐠜 no 𐠝 nu
p- 𐠞 pa 𐠟 pe 𐠠 pi 𐠡 po 𐠢 pu
ks- 𐠷 qa 𐠸 qe
r- 𐠣 ra 𐠤 re 𐠥 ri 𐠦 ro 𐠧 ru
l- 𐠏 la 𐠐 le 𐠑 li 𐠒 lo 𐠓 lu
s- 𐠨 sa 𐠩 se 𐠪 si 𐠫 so 𐠬 su
t- 𐠭 ta 𐠮 te 𐠯 ti 𐠰 to 𐠱 tu
w- 𐠲 wa 𐠳 we 𐠴 wi 𐠵 wo
z- 𐠼 za 𐠿 zo
th- see d- = t-
g- see k- = kh-